The ongoing conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan dates back to the early 20th century, when both countries were part of the Soviet Union. The dispute revolves around the Nagorno-Karabakh region, a mountainous area located within Azerbaijan that is predominantly inhabited by ethnic Armenians.

In 1988, the region declared independence from Azerbaijan, leading to a full-scale war between the two countries that lasted until 1994. The ceasefire agreement signed that year established a de facto independent state in Nagorno-Karabakh, which has remained unrecognized by the international community.

However, tensions have continued to simmer in the region, and sporadic clashes between the Armenian and Azerbaijani militaries have occurred over the years. The situation reached a boiling point in September 2020, when fighting broke out between the two sides once again.

A new ceasefire agreement was brokered by Russia in November 2020, which called for the deployment of Russian peacekeepers to the region. Under the agreement, Azerbaijan regained control of several areas that had been under Armenian control for decades, while Armenia agreed to withdraw its troops from the region.

The agreement also included provisions for the construction of a new transportation corridor connecting Azerbaijan with its exclave of Nakhchivan, which is located between Armenia and Iran. The corridor would pass through Armenian territory, and could potentially open up new economic opportunities for the entire region.

Despite the ceasefire agreement, tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan remain high, and there have been reports of both sides violating the terms of the truce. The situation in Nagorno-Karabakh remains unresolved, and the prospects for a lasting peace in the region remain uncertain.