On April 2, 2015, a framework for a nuclear deal with Iran was concluded. In this context, Iran has provisionally agreed to accept restrictions on its nuclear program, all of which would last at least a decade and once again, and to submit to increased intensity of international inspections under a framework agreement. These details are expected to be negotiated by the end of June 2015. Negotiations on a Joint Comprehensive Action Plan were extended several times until the final agreement, the Joint Comprehensive Action Plan, was finally concluded on 14 July 2015. [55] [56] The JCPOA is based on the framework agreement of three previous months. In recent weeks, European diplomats have received instructions from their capitals to prepare for the possible reintroduction of sanctions against Iran if the talks fail. The so-called snapback provision of the 2015 nuclear pact allows signatories to reintroduce a wide range of United Nations. Sanctions if they believe Iran is violating the deal. The open letter, signed by more than 100 former U.S. ambassadors and senior State Department officials who support the deal, begins with the following words: « The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) with Iran is a historic agreement to deter the proliferation of nuclear weapons. » [226] [227] In contrast, Michael Mandelbaum, a Christian A. Herter professor at Johns Hopkins University`s School of Advanced International Studies, wrote that nuclear nonproliferation in the Middle East ultimately depended « not on the details of the Vienna Agreement, but on the well-known deterrence policy of the Cold War. » Mandelbaum added that if Obama leaves office without Iran building the bomb, « the responsibility for implementing an effective deterrence policy will fall on his successor. » [386] Alan Dershowitz, a Harvard law professor, said, « Nothing that is currently on the table will deter Iran. The sanctions are paper-based protests against an oil-rich country.

Diplomacy has already failed because Russia and China are playing on both sides. [387] The agreement went smoothly. The IAEA certified in early 2016 that Iran had fulfilled its preliminary commitments; and the US, EU and UN have responded by lifting or suspending their sanctions. More importantly, U.S. President Barack Obama`s administration has dropped secondary sanctions on the oil sector, allowing Iran to boost its oil exports to levels almost before the sanction. The United States and many European countries are also releasing about $100 billion in frozen Iranian assets. Various other groups have also conducted advertising campaigns for or against the deal. John R. Bolton`s Foundation for American Security and Freedom has filed lawsuits against them, as has Veterans Against the Deal, a group that does not disclose its donors. [223] Various pro-deal ads were run by MoveOn.org (which ran an ad called « Let Diplomacy Work »), Americans United for Change (which warned, « They`re back – Iraq war hawks fight Iran deal, want more war, » via photos of Bolton, Dick Cheney, and Donald Rumsfeld), and Global Zero (which aired a humorous ad featuring Jack Black, Morgan Freeman and Natasha Lyonne).

[223] According to the U.S. Department of State (Assistant Secretary of Legislative Affairs Julia Frifield), « The JCPOA is not an executive treaty or agreement or a signed document. But whether we deceive Iran is less important than the price they know they will pay if we catch them. Deterrence must not only apply to the entire mission of the agreement. [249] As part of a deterrence strategy, Ross proposed transferring the « Bunker Buster » bomb from the Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) from the United States to Israel some time before the fifteenth year of the agreement. [249] In an August 25 commentary in the Washington Post, Ross and David H. Petraeus again argued for the mop`s transfer to Israel. [250] On the 11th. In August 2015, an open letter was published approving the agreement signed by 36 retired military generals and admirals titled « Iran Deal Benefits U.S.

National Security: An Open Letter from Retired Generals and Admirals. » [233] [234] The letter, signed by retired officers from the five branches of the United States. The armed forces said the deal was « the most effective means currently available to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons » and « if at some point it became necessary to consider military action against Iran, it would only be possible to gather enough international support for such an effort if we first gave the diplomatic channel a chance. We need to exhaust diplomatic options before moving on to military options. [234] Among the signatories was General James E. « Hoss » Cartwright of the Marine Corps, former Vice President of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Marine Corps General Joseph P. Hoar, former commander of U.S. Central Command; and Air Force Generals Merrill McPeak and Lloyd W. Newton. [233] [234] The other signatories were Lieutenant General Robert G. Gard Jr. and Claudia J. Kennedy; Vice-Admiral Lee F.

Gunn; Rear Admirals Garland Wright and Joseph Sestak; and Major-General Paul D. They sign it because someone asked them to sign it. On the JCPOA, Zinni said, « The deal is fine if you think it can work. But if it`s a Neville Chamberlain, then you`re in a world. [238] Immediately after the vote, Power told the Security Council that sanctions relief would not begin until Iran « manifestly » abide by its obligations. The government also called on Iran to « immediately release all Americans unjustly detained, » including Amir Hekmati, Saeed Abedini and Jason Rezaian, who were detained by Iran, were detained at the time, and Robert A. .